Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair . Mediates glutamate, aspartate, serine, histidine or tyrosine ADP-ribosylation of proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of target residues and further ADP-ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units . Serine ADP-ribosylation of proteins constitutes the primary form of ADP-ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage . Specificity for the different amino acids is conferred by interacting factors, such as HPF1 and NMNAT1 . Following interaction with HPF1, catalyzes serine ADP-ribosylation of target proteins; HPF1 confers serine specificity by completing the PARP1 active site . Also catalyzes tyrosine ADP-ribosylation of target proteins following interaction with HPF1 . Following interaction with NMNAT1, catalyzes glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins; NMNAT1 confers glutamate and aspartate specificity . PARP1 initiates the repair of DNA breaks: recognizes and binds DNA breaks within chromatin and recruits HPF1, licensing serine ADP-ribosylation of target proteins, such as histones , thereby promoting decompaction of chromatin and the recruitment of repair factors leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks . HPF1 initiates serine ADP-ribosylation but restricts the polymerase activity of PARP1 in order to limit the length of poly-ADP-ribose chains . In addition to base excision repair pathway, also involved in double-strand breaks repair: together with TIMELESS, accumulates at DNA damage sites and promotes homologous recombination repair by mediating poly-ADP-ribosylation . Mediates the poly-ADP-ribosylation of a number of proteins, including itself, APLF, CHFR, RPA1 and NFAT5 . In addition to proteins, also able to ADP-ribosylate DNA: catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of DNA strand break termini containing terminal phosphates and a 2'-OH group in single- and double-stranded DNA, respectively . Required for PARP9 and DTX3L recruitment to DNA damage sites . PARP1-dependent PARP9-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites . PARP1-mediated DNA repair in neurons plays a role in sleep: senses DNA damage in neurons and promotes sleep, facilitating efficient DNA repair . In addition to DNA repair, also involved in other processes, such as transcription regulation, programmed cell death, membrane repair, adipogenesis and innate immunity . Acts as a repressor of transcription: binds to nucleosomes and modulates chromatin structure in a manner similar to histone H1, thereby altering RNA polymerase II . Acts both as a positive and negative regulator of transcription elongation, depending on the context . Acts as a positive regulator of transcription elongation by mediating poly-ADP-ribosylation of NELFE, preventing RNA-binding activity of NELFE and relieving transcription pausing . Acts as a negative regulator of transcription elongation in response to DNA damage by catalyzing poly-ADP-ribosylation of CCNT1, disrupting the phase separation activity of CCNT1 and subsequent activation of CDK9 . Involved in replication fork progression following interaction with CARM1: mediates poly-ADP-ribosylation at replication forks, slowing fork progression . Poly-ADP-ribose chains generated by PARP1 also play a role in poly-ADP-ribose-dependent cell death, a process named parthanatos . Also acts as a negative regulator of the cGAS-STING pathway . Acts by mediating poly-ADP-ribosylation of CGAS: PARP1 translocates into the cytosol following phosphorylation by PRKDC and catalyzes poly-ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of CGAS . Acts as a negative regulator of adipogenesis: catalyzes poly-ADP-ribosylation of histone H2B on 'Glu-35' following interaction with NMNAT1, inhibiting phosphorylation of H2B at 'Ser-36' , thereby blocking expression of pro-adipogenetic genes . Involved in the synthesis of ATP in the nucleus, together with NMNAT1, PARG and NUDT5 . Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming . ; [Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed C-terminus]: Promotes AIFM1-mediated apoptosis . This form, which translocates into the cytoplasm following cleavage by caspase-3 and caspase-7 in response to apoptosis, is auto-poly-ADP-ribosylated and serves as a poly-ADP-ribose carrier to induce AIFM1-mediated apoptosis . ; [Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed N-terminus]: This cleavage form irreversibly binds to DNA breaks and interferes with DNA repair, promoting DNA damage-induced apoptosis.

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) (EC 2.4.2.30) (ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1) (ARTD1) (DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1) (EC 2.4.2.-) (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 1) (ADPRT 1) (Poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1) (Protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP1) (EC 2.4.2.-) [Cleaved into: Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed C-terminus (Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, 89-kDa form); Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, processed N-terminus (NT-PARP-1) (Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, 24-kDa form) (Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1, 28-kDa form)]

p09874

Human

WB,IHC,IF,ICC,FC

WB 1:1000-1:5000
IHC 1:100-1:200
IF 1:100
ICC 1:100
FC 1:20-1:50

~114 kD

Rabbit

50mM Tris-Glycine(pH 7.4), 0.15M NaCl, 40% Glycerol, 0.01% sodium azide and 0.05% BSA.

Store at -20°C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.