Sensor component of the AIM2 inflammasome, which mediates inflammasome activation in response to the presence of double-stranded DNA in the cytosol, leading to subsequent pyroptosis . Inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that assemble in the cytosol in response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals and play critical roles in innate immunity and inflammation . Acts as a recognition receptor : specifically recognizes and binds dsDNA in the cytosol, and mediates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex composed of AIM2, CASP1 and PYCARD/ASC . Recruitment of pro-caspase-1 to the AIM2 inflammasome promotes caspase-1 activation, which subsequently cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18 and gasdermin-D , promoting cytokine secretion . In some cells, CASP1 activation mediates cleavage and activation of GSDMD, triggering pyroptosis without promoting cytokine secretion . Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner . Involved in the DNA damage response caused by acute ionizing radiation by mediating pyroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and bone marrow cells in response to double-strand DNA breaks . Mechanistically, AIM2 senses DNA damage in the nucleus to mediate inflammasome assembly and inflammatory cell death . Also acts as a regulator of neurodevelopment via its role in the DNA damage response: acts by promoting neural cell death in response to DNA damage in the developing brain, thereby purging genetically compromised cells of the central nervous system . Pyroptosis mediated by the AIM2 inflammasome in response to DNA damage is dependent on GSDMD without involving IL1B and IL18 cytokine secretion . Also acts as a mediator of pyroptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis , an integral part of host defense against pathogens, in response to bacterial infection . Can also trigger PYCARD/ASC-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8 . ; Also acts as a tumor suppressor independently of its role in inflammatory response . Able to suppress overt cell proliferation in enterocytes: restricts stem cell proliferation in the intestinal mucosa in an inflammasome-independent manner, contributing to a decrease in the likelihood of colorectal cancer development . AIM2 suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT1 at 'Ser-473', preventing AKT1 activation and AKT-mTOR signaling pathway . Inhibits AKT1 phosphorylation both by inhibiting the activity of PRKDC/DNA-PK kinase and promoting dephosphorylation by PP2A phosphatase . Also acts as a key regulator of regulatory T-cells homeostasis by promoting their stability: acts by preventing AKT1 activation . Its role in Treg homeostasis is important to restain autoimmune diseases .

Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 (Absent in melanoma 2)

o14862

Human,Mouse,Rat

WB,IF,ICC,FC

WB 1:1000
IF 1:200-1:500
ICC 1:200-1:500
FC 1:200

~39 kD

Rabbit

50mM Tris-Glycine(pH 7.4), 0.15M NaCl, 40% Glycerol, 0.01% sodium azide and 0.05% BSA.

Store at -20°C. Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.