Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. .; [Latency-associated peptide]: Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix . Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1 . Interaction with LRRC33/NRROS regulates activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia . Interaction with LRRC32/GARP controls activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs) (By similarity). Interaction with integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8) results in distortion of the Latency-associated peptide chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1 . .; [Transforming growth factor beta-1]: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration . Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix (By similarity). At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS that control activation of TGF-beta-1 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus . TGF-beta-1 is released from LAP by integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8): integrin-binding to LAP stabilizes an alternative conformation of the LAP bowtie tail and results in distortion of the LAP chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1 (By similarity) . Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-1 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal (By similarity). While expressed by many cells types, TGF-beta-1 only has a very localized range of action within cell environment thanks to fine regulation of its activation by Latency-associated peptide chain (LAP) and 'milieu molecules' . Plays an important role in bone remodeling: acts as a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts . Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner . At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development . At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells . Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) (By similarity). Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Positively regulates odontoblastic differentiation in dental papilla cells, via promotion of IPO7-mediated translocation of phosphorylated SMAD2 to the nucleus and subsequent transcription of target genes . Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types (By similarity). .

Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein [Cleaved into: Latency-associated peptide (LAP); Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1)] Tgfb1

Mouse

WB,IHC

WB 1:300-1:1000
IHC 1:50-1:200

44.310kD;

Tgfb1

p04202

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/p04202

RKRA12482-Recombinant Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFb1) Ala279~Ser390

Rabbit

Polyclonal

Rabbit IgG

Cytokine;Tumor immunity;Infection immunity;

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Liquid

500μg/mL

PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.02% NaN3, 50% glycerol.

Store at +4℃ after thawing. For long-term storage, please store it at -20℃. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.