Histatins (Hsts) are cationic and histidine-rich secreted peptides mainly synthesized by saliva glands of humans and higher primates . Hsts are considered to be major precursors of the protective proteinaceous structure on tooth surfaces (enamel pellicle). Hsts can be divided into two major groups according to their biological functions: antimicrobial Hsts (e.g. Hst 5/HTN3) and cell-activating Hsts (e.g. Hst 1/HTN1 and Hst 2/HTN1) . Hst 1/HTN1 and Hst 2/HTN1 act in different cell types (epithelium, fibroblasts and endothelium) in oral and non-oral mucosa . .; [Histatin-1]: Hst 1 functions primarily as a wound healing factor by activating cell-surface and cell-cell adhesions, cell spreading and migration and it can also stimulate cellular metabolic activity . Hst 1 is internalized in host cells in a stereospecific and energy-dependent process, which is partially mediated by the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)-activated endocytosis . Internalized Hst 1 is targeted and released via early endosomes trafficking to the mitochondria, where it significantly enhances mitochondrial energy metabolism . At the mitochondria, Hst 1 increases mitochondria-ER contacts through binding with ER receptor TMEM97, which also stimulates metabolic activity and cell migration and may as well regulate calcium homeostasis of the cell . Also activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to promote cell migration, possibly upon interaction with GPRCs at the plasma membrane . Also triggers the RIN2/Rab5/Rac1 signaling cascade which activates endothelial cell adhesion, spreading and migration required for angiogenesis in the oral wound healing process, however the receptor that transduces Hst 1 signal has not yet been identified . Also displays antimicrobial functions against pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, although with less effectiveness than Hst 5 . .; [His1-(31-57)-peptide]: Hst 2 consists of the fragment sequence 12-28 of Hst 1. Similar to Hst 1, actively and stereospecifically internalized in host cells and targeted to the mitochondria and the ER and promotes cell metabolic activity . Also activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to promote cell migration and wound closure . In contrast with Hst 1, not able to promote cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion . .

Histatin-1 (Hst1) (Histidine-rich protein 1) (Post-PB protein) (PPB) [Cleaved into: His1-(31-57)-peptide (His1 31/57) (His1-(12-38)-peptide) (His1 12/38) (Histatin 2) (Hst2) (Histatin-2)] HTN1 HIS1

Mouse;Human

WB,IHC

WB 1:300-1:1000
IHC 1:50-1:200

6.963kD;

HTN1 HIS1

p15515

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/p15515

RKRF48760-Recombinant Histatin 1 (HTN1) Asp20~Asn57

Rabbit

Polyclonal

Rabbit IgG

Metabolic pathway;

Antigen-specific affinity chromatography followed by Protein A affinity chromatography

Liquid

0.47mg/ml

0.01M PBS, pH7.4, containing 0.05% Proclin-300, 50% glycerol.

Store at +4℃ after thawing. For long-term storage, please store it at -20℃. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.